/* ================================================
   DESIGN TOKENS
================================================ */
:root {
  --black:    #0a0a0a;
  --white:    #fafafa;
  --g100:     #f4f4f4;
  --g200:     #e4e4e4;
  --g300:     #c8c8c8;
  --g400:     #9e9e9e;
  --g500:     #767676;
  --g600:     #525252;
  --g700:     #333333;
  --g800:     #1c1c1c;

  --ff-display: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  --ff-body:    'Source Serif 4', Georgia, serif;
  --ff-mono:    'JetBrains Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;

  --measure:         70ch;
  --measure-mobile:  100%;   /* on mobile, let content fill the column fully */
  --header-h:        62px;
  --header-h-mobile: 56px;

  /* Site-wide horizontal padding — scales with viewport */
  --site-padding: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 1.6rem);

  /* Transition system */
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  --ease-in:  cubic-bezier(0.7, 0, 0.84, 0);
  --t-fast:   0.18s;
  --t-med:    0.35s;
  --t-slow:   0.55s;

  /* Page transition durations */
  --page-out: 0.3s;
  --page-in:  0.45s;
}

/* ================================================
   RESET & BASE
================================================ */
*, *::before, *::after {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  /* Prevent any individual element from causing overflow */
  min-width: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  font-size: 17px;
  overflow-x: clip;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--ff-body);
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--g800);
  line-height: 1.75;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  /* overflow-x: hidden breaks position:sticky on sidebars/TOC.
     Use overflow-x: clip instead — clips visual overflow without
     creating a new scroll container, so sticky still works. */
  overflow-x: clip;
  max-width: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}

img  { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
a    { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button { font-family: var(--ff-body); cursor: pointer; }

/* ================================================
   CONTAINER HELPER
================================================ */
.container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  width: 100%;
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-left: max(var(--site-padding), env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
  padding-right: max(var(--site-padding), env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
}

/* ================================================
   SKIP LINK
================================================ */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute; top: -60px; left: 1rem;
  background: var(--black); color: var(--white);
  padding: .5rem 1rem; font-size: .82rem; z-index: 9999;
  transition: top var(--t-fast);
}
.skip-link:focus { top: 1rem; }

/* ================================================
   HEADER
================================================ */
.site-header {
  position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: var(--header-h);
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
  z-index: 200;
  transition: box-shadow var(--t-med);
  /* Prevent header content from spilling */
  overflow: hidden;
}
.site-header.scrolled { box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.07); }

.header-inner {
  max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--site-padding);
  height: 100%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.site-logo {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -.02em; color: var(--black);
  cursor: pointer; user-select: none;
  transition: opacity var(--t-fast);
  /* Stop logo from pushing nav off screen */
  flex-shrink: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.site-logo:hover { opacity: .65; }
.site-logo span { color: var(--g400); }

.nav-links {
  display: flex; gap: 2.25rem; list-style: none; align-items: center;
}
.nav-links a {
  font-size: .8rem; letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--g500);
  transition: color var(--t-fast);
  position: relative;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-links a::after {
  content: ''; position: absolute; bottom: -2px; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 1px; background: var(--black);
  transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform var(--t-med) var(--ease-out);
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--black); }
.nav-links a:hover::after { transform: scaleX(1); }

.btn-cta {
  background: var(--black); color: var(--white) !important;
  padding: .42rem 1.1rem; font-size: .76rem !important;
  letter-spacing: .08em; border-radius: 2px;
  transition: background var(--t-fast), transform var(--t-fast) !important;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.btn-cta:hover { background: var(--g700) !important; transform: translateY(-1px); }
.btn-cta::after { display: none !important; }

/* Hamburger */
.hamburger {
  display: none; background: none; border: none;
  flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; padding: 4px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.hamburger span {
  display: block; width: 22px; height: 1.5px;
  background: var(--black);
  transition: transform var(--t-med) var(--ease-out), opacity var(--t-fast);
}
.hamburger.open span:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(6.5px) rotate(45deg); }
.hamburger.open span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; transform: scaleX(0); }
.hamburger.open span:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-6.5px) rotate(-45deg); }

/* ================================================
   PAGE TRANSITION LAYER
================================================ */
#page-curtain {
  position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 500;
  background: var(--black);
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translateY(100%);
}
#page-curtain.sliding-up {
  animation: curtain-up var(--page-out) var(--ease-in) forwards;
}
#page-curtain.sliding-down {
  animation: curtain-down var(--page-in) var(--ease-out) forwards;
}
@keyframes curtain-up {
  from { transform: translateY(100%); }
  to   { transform: translateY(0); }
}
@keyframes curtain-down {
  from { transform: translateY(0); }
  to   { transform: translateY(-100%); }
}

/* ================================================
   VIEW SYSTEM
================================================ */
#home-view, .post-detail {
  animation: view-enter var(--page-in) var(--ease-out) both;
}
.post-detail { display: none; }
.post-detail.active { display: block; }

@keyframes view-enter {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

/* ================================================
   HERO
================================================ */
.hero {
  margin-top: var(--header-h);
  padding: 5.5rem var(--site-padding) 4rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;       /* clip the decorative lines */
  width: 100%;
}
.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0;
  width: 45%; height: 100%;
  background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(
    0deg, transparent, transparent 28px, var(--g200) 28px, var(--g200) 29px
  );
  opacity: .45;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-inner {
  max-width: 880px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
  /* Prevent inner content from escaping on narrow screens */
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
  font-size: .74rem; letter-spacing: .2em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--g400);
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .75rem;
}
.hero-eyebrow::before {
  content: ''; width: 28px; height: 1px; background: var(--g300); flex-shrink: 0;
}

.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.5vw, 3.8rem);
  font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.13;
  letter-spacing: -.035em; color: var(--black);
  margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
  /* Wrap gracefully rather than overflow */
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.hero-title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--g500); }

.hero-sub {
  font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--g600);
  max-width: 54ch; line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.hero-stats {
  display: flex; gap: 3rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--g200); padding-top: 1.75rem;
}
.stat-num {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--black); letter-spacing: -.02em;
  display: block;
}
.stat-label { font-size: .76rem; color: var(--g400); letter-spacing: .05em; }

/* ================================================
   MAIN LAYOUT
================================================ */
.main-layout {
  max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3.5rem var(--site-padding);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px;
  gap: 5rem; align-items: start;
  /* Ensure the grid never bleeds past the viewport */
  width: 100%;
}

.section-label {
  font-size: .7rem; letter-spacing: .22em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--g400);
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  padding-bottom: .75rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem;
}

/* ================================================
   FEATURED POST
================================================ */
.featured-post {
  margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 3.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
}
.featured-badge {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem;
  font-size: .67rem; letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--white);
  background: var(--black); padding: .28rem .7rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}
.featured-badge::before {
  content: ''; width: 5px; height: 5px;
  background: var(--white); border-radius: 50%;
  animation: pulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes pulse {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
  50%       { opacity: .4; transform: scale(.7); }
}

.featured-post h2 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.15rem);
  line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: -.025em;
  color: var(--black); margin-bottom: .85rem; font-weight: 600;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.featured-post h2 a { transition: color var(--t-fast); cursor: pointer; }
.featured-post h2 a:hover { color: var(--g500); }

.post-excerpt {
  color: var(--g600); line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: .97rem; max-width: 60ch;
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.post-footer {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.post-meta { font-size: .56rem; color: var(--g400); }

/* Tags */
.tags { display: flex; gap: .25rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.tag {
  font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .05em;
  border: 1px solid var(--g300);
  padding: .1rem .2rem; color: var(--g500);
  transition: border-color var(--t-fast), color var(--t-fast);
}
.tag:hover { border-color: var(--black); color: var(--black); }

/* Read link */
.read-link {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem;
  font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .03em; color: var(--black);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--black);
  padding-bottom: 1px; cursor: pointer;
  transition: gap var(--t-med) var(--ease-out), opacity var(--t-fast);
  white-space: nowrap;
  background: none; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-right: none;
  font-family: var(--ff-body);
}
.read-link .arrow {
  display: inline-block;
  transition: transform var(--t-med) var(--ease-out);
}
.read-link:hover .arrow { transform: translateX(5px); }
.read-link:hover { opacity: .6; }

/* ================================================
   POST LIST
================================================ */
.post-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }

.post-card {
  padding: 0.55rem 0;
  border-bottom: 0px solid var(--g200);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 0.5rem; align-items: start;
  /* Prevent any cell from exceeding the card width */
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.post-card:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--g200); }
.post-card-left { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .5rem; min-width: 0; }

.post-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: 0.5rem; font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 0.5; color: var(--black); letter-spacing: -.01em;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.post-card h3 a { transition: color var(--t-fast); cursor: pointer; }
.post-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--g500); }

.card-snippet {
  font-size: .87rem; color: var(--g500); line-height: 1.65;
  max-width: 32ch;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.card-meta {
  font-size: .74rem; color: var(--g400);
  display: flex; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
}

.post-card-right {
  display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-end; gap: .75rem; padding-top: .2rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.read-time { font-size: .7rem; color: var(--g400); white-space: nowrap; }

/* ================================================
   SIDEBAR
================================================ */
.sidebar { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--header-h) + 2rem); align-self: start; }

.sidebar-block {
  border: 1px solid var(--g200); padding: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  transition: box-shadow var(--t-med);
  /* Sidebar text must not overflow its column */
  overflow: hidden;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.sidebar-block:hover { box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.06); }

.sidebar-block h4 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--black); margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: .75rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
}
.about-text  { font-size: .83rem; color: var(--g600); line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: .85rem; }
.about-name  { font-family: var(--ff-display); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1rem; color: var(--black); }
.about-title { font-size: .74rem; color: var(--g400); margin-bottom: .5rem; }

.skill-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .55rem; }
.skill-list li {
  font-size: .8rem; color: var(--g600);
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem;
  word-wrap: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.skill-list li::before {
  content: ''; width: 5px; height: 5px;
  background: var(--g300); border-radius: 50%; flex-shrink: 0;
}

.topic-list { list-style: none; }
.topic-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g100); }
.topic-list li:last-child { border: none; }
.topic-list a {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  padding: .6rem 0; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--g600);
  transition: color var(--t-fast); cursor: pointer;
}
.topic-list a:hover { color: var(--black); }
.topic-count { font-size: .7rem; color: var(--g400); flex-shrink: 0; }

/* ================================================
   ARTICLE HEADER
================================================ */
.article-header {
  padding: calc(var(--header-h) + 3.5rem) var(--site-padding) 2.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
  max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
}

.back-btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .55rem;
  font-size: .78rem; color: var(--g400);
  background: none; border: none;
  margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
  transition: color var(--t-fast), gap var(--t-med) var(--ease-out);
  padding: 0;
}
.back-btn::before { content: '←'; transition: transform var(--t-med) var(--ease-out); }
.back-btn:hover { color: var(--black); }
.back-btn:hover::before { transform: translateX(-4px); }

.article-series {
  font-size: .7rem; letter-spacing: .18em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--g400); margin-bottom: .8rem;
}
.article-title {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 4.5vw, 2.95rem);
  font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -.03em; color: var(--black);
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  /* Remove the fixed ch width that caused overflow on small screens */
  max-width: 100%;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.article-title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--g500); }

.article-lede {
  font-size: 1.12rem; color: var(--g600);
  max-width: 58ch; line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 1.85rem; font-style: italic;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.article-byline {
  display: flex; gap: 2rem; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
  font-size: .78rem; color: var(--g500);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--g200); padding-top: 1.25rem;
}
.article-byline strong { color: var(--g800); }

/* ================================================
   ARTICLE BODY
================================================ */
.article-body {
  max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3.5rem var(--site-padding) 5rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 260px;
  gap: 5.5rem; align-items: start;
  width: 100%;
}

/* The article content column — the primary overflow zone on mobile */
.article-content {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  /* Crucial: prevent this column from exceeding the grid cell */
  min-width: 0;
  width: 100%;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  word-break: break-word;
}

.article-content p {
  color: var(--g700); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.88; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.article-content h2 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 4vw, 1.6rem);
  font-weight: 600; color: var(--black); letter-spacing: -.02em;
  margin: 3rem 0 1.1rem;
  padding-top: 3rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--g200);
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.article-content h2:first-of-type { margin-top: 0; border-top: none; padding-top: 0; }
.article-content h3 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 3.5vw, 1.2rem);
  font-weight: 600; color: var(--black); letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin: 2rem 0 .8rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.article-content strong { color: var(--black); font-weight: 600; }
.article-content em     { color: var(--g500); }

.article-content ul, .article-content ol { margin: .25rem 0 1.5rem 1.4rem; }
.article-content li {
  color: var(--g700); margin-bottom: .6rem; line-height: 1.78; font-size: 1rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* Links inside article content — long URLs are the #1 overflow cause */
.article-content a {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  word-break: break-all;   /* break long raw URLs that have no natural spaces */
}

.section-marker {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; margin: 2.5rem 0 1.5rem;
}
.section-marker span {
  font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .18em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--g400); white-space: nowrap;
}
.section-marker::before, .section-marker::after {
  content: ''; flex: 1; height: 1px; background: var(--g200);
}

/* ================================================
   CALLOUTS & TIPS
================================================ */
.callout {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--black);
  padding: 1.1rem 1.4rem; margin: 2.25rem 0; background: var(--g100);
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.callout p { margin: 0; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--g600); line-height: 1.7; }
.callout-label {
  font-size: .65rem; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--g400); margin-bottom: .45rem; display: block;
  font-family: var(--ff-mono);
}

.tip-box {
  border: 1px solid var(--g200); padding: 1.3rem 1.6rem; margin: 2.25rem 0; position: relative;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.tip-box::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 3px; height: 100%; background: var(--g300);
}
.tip-box p { margin: 0; font-size: .88rem; color: var(--g600); line-height: 1.72; }
.tip-label {
  font-size: .65rem; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--black); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: .45rem;
  display: block; font-family: var(--ff-mono);
}

.num-callout {
  display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 1.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
}
.num-callout:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--g200); }
.num-callout .num {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--g200);
  line-height: 1; flex-shrink: 0; width: 2.5rem;
  transition: color var(--t-med);
}
.num-callout:hover .num { color: var(--g300); }
/* Prevent text body from overflowing the flex container */
.num-callout-body { min-width: 0; flex: 1; }
.num-callout-body h4 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--black); margin-bottom: .4rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;
}
.num-callout-body p {
  font-size: .88rem; color: var(--g600); margin: 0; line-height: 1.7;
  overflow-wrap: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* ================================================
   CODE BLOCKS
   Key fix: scroll horizontally instead of overflowing the page
================================================ */
.code-wrap {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--g200);
  /* Contain the block inside the content column */
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.code-header {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  background: var(--g800); color: var(--g400);
  padding: .55rem 1rem;
  font-family: var(--ff-mono); font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .06em;
}
.code-lang { color: var(--g300); }
pre {
  background: var(--black); color: #d4d4d4;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  /* Scroll wide code blocks, don't push the layout */
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  font-family: var(--ff-mono); font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.65; margin: 0;
  /* White-space must be pre or pre-wrap — keep pre but constrain width */
  white-space: pre;
  word-break: normal;
  max-width: 100%;
}
code {
  font-family: var(--ff-mono); font-size: .83em;
  color: var(--g700); background: var(--g100); padding: .1em .35em;
  /* Inline code: allow wrapping */
  word-break: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
pre code { color: inherit; background: none; padding: 0; word-break: normal; }

/* Syntax highlight colours */
.kw { color: #c8a0e8; }
.fn { color: #7fc8d4; }
.st { color: #a8cc8c; }
.cm { color: #666; font-style: italic; }
.nu { color: #f0a060; }

/* ================================================
   PULL QUOTE
================================================ */
.pull-quote {
  border-top: 2px solid var(--black);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--black);
  padding: 1.75rem 0; margin: 2.5rem 0;
}
.pull-quote p {
  font-family: var(--ff-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 3.5vw, 1.35rem) !important;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--black) !important; line-height: 1.55; margin: 0 !important;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* ================================================
   DATA TABLE
   Key fix: wrapper scrolls horizontally on mobile
================================================ */
.data-table-wrap {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  /* Horizontal scroll wrapper — critical for wide tables on mobile */
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  border: 1px solid var(--g200);
  max-width: 100%;
}
.data-table {
  /* min-content so the wrapper can scroll without shrinking columns */
  width: max-content;
  min-width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .84rem;
}
.data-table thead { background: var(--black); color: var(--white); }
.data-table th {
  padding: .7rem 1rem; text-align: left;
  font-family: var(--ff-mono); font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .08em; font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.data-table td {
  padding: .65rem 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g100);
  color: var(--g700); line-height: 1.5;
  /* Allow cell text to wrap but not stretch the layout */
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  max-width: 260px;
}
.data-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
.data-table tr:hover td { background: var(--g100); }

/* ================================================
   TL;DR + TAKEAWAYS
================================================ */
.tldr {
  background: var(--black); color: var(--white);
  padding: 2rem 2.25rem; margin: 3.5rem 0 2rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.tldr-label {
  font-size: .65rem; letter-spacing: .22em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--g400); margin-bottom: .65rem; display: block; font-family: var(--ff-mono);
}
.tldr p { color: var(--g300); margin: 0; font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.75; }

.takeaways { border: 1px solid var(--g200); padding: 1.85rem 2rem; margin: 2rem 0; }
.takeaways h4 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--black); margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: .75rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
}
.takeaways ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.2rem; }
.takeaways li {
  font-size: .9rem; color: var(--g600); margin-bottom: .55rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* ================================================
   ARTICLE SIDEBAR — TOC
================================================ */
.article-toc { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--header-h) + 2rem); align-self: start; }
.toc-label {
  font-size: .67rem; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--g400); margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: .75rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
  font-family: var(--ff-mono);
}
.toc-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.toc-list a {
  font-size: .78rem; color: var(--g500); display: block;
  padding: .38rem 0 .38rem .85rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--g200);
  transition: color var(--t-fast), border-color var(--t-fast);
  cursor: default;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
.toc-list a:hover { color: var(--black); border-left-color: var(--g400); }

.next-post-box { margin-top: 2.5rem; border: 1px solid var(--g200); padding: 1.35rem; }
.np-label {
  font-size: .65rem; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--g400); margin-bottom: .55rem; display: block; font-family: var(--ff-mono);
}
.next-post-box .read-link { font-size: .87rem; }

/* ================================================
   READING PROGRESS BAR
================================================ */
#reading-progress {
  position: fixed; top: var(--header-h); left: 0;
  height: 2px; background: var(--black); z-index: 300;
  width: 0%; transition: width .1s linear; pointer-events: none;
}

/* ================================================
   FOOTER
================================================ */
.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--g200);
  padding: 4rem var(--site-padding) 2rem;
  background: var(--white);
  width: 100%;
}
.footer-inner {
  max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 4rem; margin-bottom: 3rem;
}
.footer-brand .site-logo { margin-bottom: .85rem; font-size: 1rem; cursor: default; }
.footer-brand p {
  font-size: .82rem; color: var(--g500); line-height: 1.75;
  overflow-wrap: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;
}
.footer-col h5 {
  font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--g400); margin-bottom: 1.1rem; font-family: var(--ff-mono);
}
.footer-links { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .55rem; }
.footer-links a {
  font-size: .83rem; color: var(--g500);
  transition: color var(--t-fast); cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .3rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;
}
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--black); }
.footer-bottom {
  max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto;
  padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--g200);
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  font-size: .76rem; color: var(--g400); flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem;
}

/* ================================================
   MODALS
================================================ */
.modal-overlay {
  display: none; position: fixed; inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0);
  z-index: 400; align-items: center;
  justify-content: center; padding: 1rem;
  transition: background var(--t-med);
}
.modal-overlay.open {
  display: flex;
  animation: modal-bg-in var(--t-med) forwards;
}
@keyframes modal-bg-in {
  from { background: rgba(0,0,0,0); }
  to   { background: rgba(0,0,0,.55); }
}
.modal-box {
  background: var(--white); max-width: 540px; width: 100%;
  padding: 2.75rem; position: relative;
  max-height: 90vh; overflow-y: auto;
  transform: translateY(30px); opacity: 0;
  animation: modal-in var(--t-med) var(--ease-out) .08s forwards;
  /* Prevent modal content from overflowing */
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
@keyframes modal-in {
  from { transform: translateY(30px); opacity: 0; }
  to   { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 1; }
}
.modal-close-btn {
  position: absolute; top: 1.1rem; right: 1.4rem;
  background: none; border: none; font-size: 1.3rem;
  cursor: pointer; color: var(--g400); line-height: 1;
  transition: color var(--t-fast), transform var(--t-fast);
}
.modal-close-btn:hover { color: var(--black); transform: rotate(90deg); }
.modal-box h2 {
  font-family: var(--ff-display); font-size: 1.45rem; font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--black); margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
}
.modal-box p { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--g600); line-height: 1.75; margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.modal-box a { color: var(--black); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g300); transition: color var(--t-fast); }
.modal-box a:hover { color: var(--g500); }

.form-field { margin-bottom: 1.3rem; }
.form-field label {
  display: block; font-size: .78rem; color: var(--g600); margin-bottom: .4rem; letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.form-field input, .form-field textarea {
  width: 100%; border: 1px solid var(--g200);
  padding: .7rem .95rem; font-family: var(--ff-body);
  font-size: 1rem; /* 16px minimum stops iOS auto-zoom on focus */
  color: var(--g800); background: var(--white); outline: none;
  transition: border-color var(--t-fast), box-shadow var(--t-fast);
  -webkit-appearance: none; border-radius: 0;
}
.form-field input:focus, .form-field textarea:focus {
  border-color: var(--black);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(10,10,10,.06);
}
.form-field textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 110px; }
.btn-submit {
  background: var(--black); color: var(--white);
  border: none; padding: .8rem 2rem;
  font-family: var(--ff-body); font-size: .85rem;
  letter-spacing: .06em; cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--t-fast), transform var(--t-fast);
}
.btn-submit:hover { background: var(--g700); transform: translateY(-1px); }

/* ================================================
   RESPONSIVE — TABLET  (≤ 960px)
================================================ */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .main-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3rem; }
  .sidebar { position: static; }
  .article-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; }
  .article-toc  { display: none; }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; }
}

/* ================================================
   RESPONSIVE — MOBILE  (≤ 640px)
   Single consolidated block — zero duplicates.
================================================ */
@media (max-width: 640px) {

  /* --- Base font size --- */
  html { font-size: 15.5px; }

  /* --- Token overrides for mobile --- */
  :root {
    --header-h:     var(--header-h-mobile);
    --site-padding: clamp(1rem, 5vw, 1.25rem);
  }

  /* --- Reading progress bar --- */
  #reading-progress { top: var(--header-h-mobile); }

  /* --- Header & Navigation --- */
  .site-header { height: var(--header-h-mobile); }
  .nav-links   { display: none; }
  .nav-links.open {
    display: flex; flex-direction: column;
    position: fixed; top: var(--header-h-mobile); left: 0; right: 0;
    background: var(--white); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--g200);
    padding: 1.75rem var(--site-padding); gap: 1.25rem; z-index: 199;
    animation: nav-drop var(--t-med) var(--ease-out);
    /* Ensure the open nav doesn't overflow horizontally */
    overflow-x: hidden;
  }
  @keyframes nav-drop {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-10px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
  }
  .hamburger { display: flex; }

  /* --- Hero --- */
  .hero {
    margin-top: var(--header-h-mobile);
    padding: 2.5rem var(--site-padding) 1.75rem;
  }
  .hero::before { display: none; }   /* hide decorative lines — they clip oddly on mobile */
  .hero-inner   { max-width: 100%; }
  .hero-title   { font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 7.5vw, 2.2rem); }
  .hero-sub     { max-width: 100%; font-size: .97rem; }
  .hero-stats   { gap: 1.5rem; }

  /* --- Main layout --- */
  .main-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 2rem var(--site-padding);
    gap: 2rem;
  }

  /* --- Article header --- */
  .article-header {
    padding: calc(var(--header-h-mobile) + 1.75rem) var(--site-padding) 1.5rem;
  }
  .article-title { font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 6vw, 2rem); }
  .article-lede  { font-size: 1rem; max-width: 100%; }
  .article-byline { gap: .75rem; font-size: .74rem; }

  /* --- Article body — the critical reading area --- */
  .article-body {
    padding: 1.75rem var(--site-padding) 3.5rem;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  /* Force the content column to never exceed the viewport */
  .article-content {
    max-width: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    /* Fallback for older WebKit */
    -webkit-hyphens: auto;
    hyphens: auto;
  }
  .article-content p    { font-size: .97rem; line-height: 1.82; }
  .article-content li   { font-size: .97rem; }
  .article-content h2   { font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 5vw, 1.4rem); padding-top: 2rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
  .article-content h3   { font-size: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 1.15rem); }

  /* Code blocks: full-width scrollable on mobile */
  .code-wrap { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; border-left: none; border-right: none; }
  pre { font-size: .72rem; padding: 1rem; }

  /* Tables: full-width scrollable on mobile */
  .data-table-wrap { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; border-left: none; border-right: none; }

  /* Callouts */
  .callout  { padding: .9rem 1rem; }
  .tip-box  { padding: .9rem 1rem 1rem 1.2rem; }
  .num-callout { gap: .9rem; }
  .num-callout .num { font-size: 1.4rem; width: 1.75rem; }

  /* TL;DR / Takeaways */
  .tldr {
    padding: 1.5rem var(--site-padding);
    margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--site-padding));
    margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--site-padding));
  }
  .takeaways { padding: 1.25rem var(--site-padding); }

  /* Pull quote */
  .pull-quote { padding: 1.25rem 0; margin: 1.75rem 0; }

  /* Post cards */
  .post-card       { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .75rem; }
  .post-card-right { flex-direction: row; align-items: center; }
  .post-footer     { gap: .75rem; }

  /* --- Modal --- */
  .modal-overlay { padding: .75rem; }
  .modal-box {
    padding: 1.75rem var(--site-padding);
    max-width: 100%;
    width: 100%;
  }

  /* --- Footer --- */
  .footer-inner  { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.75rem; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
  .site-footer   { padding: 2.5rem var(--site-padding) 1.75rem; }

  /* --- iOS form input zoom prevention (font-size must be ≥ 16px) --- */
  .form-field input,
  .form-field textarea { font-size: 1rem; }
}

/* ================================================
   EXTRA-SMALL  (≤ 380px)
================================================ */
@media (max-width: 380px) {
  :root { --site-padding: .875rem; }
  .hero-title { font-size: 1.6rem; }
  .article-title { font-size: 1.45rem; }
  pre { font-size: .68rem; }
}

/* ================================================
   REDUCED MOTION
================================================ */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: .01ms !important;
    transition-duration: .01ms !important;
  }
}